Female genital mutilation - caring for patients and child protection


References
  1. All Party Parliamentary Group on Population, Development and Reproductive Health. Report of the parliamentary hearings on female genital mutilation held on 23 and 24 May 2000. London: All Party Parliamentary Group on Population, Development and Reproductive Health, November 2003.
  2. The BMA has separate guidance on male infant circumcision. British Medical Association. The law and ethics of male circumcision: guidance for doctors. London: BMA, 2006. Read more here.
  3. World Health Organization. Female genital mutilation. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2000. Available at the WHO website: www.who.int - go to the website here.
  4. World Health Organization. Prevalence rates for FGM (updated February 2001). Geneva: World Health Organization, 2001. Available at the WHO website: www.who.int - go to the website here.
  5. World Health Organization. Prevalence rates for FGM (updated February 2001). Geneva: World Health Organization, 2001. Available at the WHO website: www.who.int - go to the website here.
  6. MEASURE DHS+ assists developing countries worldwide in the collection and use of date to monitor and evaluate population, health and nutrition programmes. For more information see www.measuredhs.com.
  7. UNICEF. Changing a Harmful Social Convention: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting. Florence: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, 2006. Available at www.unicef-irc.org
  8. UNICEF. Changing a Harmful Social Convention: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting. Florence: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, 2006. Available at www.unicef-irc.org
  9. UNICEF (2004) “UNICEF Global Consultation on Indicators, November 11-13, 2004, NYHQ. Child Protection Indicators Framework. Female Genital Mutilation and Cutting”. New York, July 2004 revision.
  10. UNICEF. Changing a Harmful Social Convention: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting. Florence: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, 2006. Available at www.unicef-irc.org
  11. World Health Organisation. Female genital mutilation and obstetric outcome: WHO collaborative prospective study in six African countries, The Lancet 2006, 1835: 367
  12. World Health Organization. Female genital mutilation: health consequences. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1996. Available at the WHO website: www.who.int - go to the website here.
  13. World Health Organization. Female genital mutilation: The practice. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1996. Available at the WHO website: www.who.int - go to the website here.
  14. Lutfi al-Sabbagh M. The right path to health. Health education through religion. Islamic ruling on male and female circumcision. Alexandria, Egypt: WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, 1996.
  15. World Health Organization. Female genital mutilation: A joint WHO/UNICEF/UNFPA statement. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1997. Available at the WHO website: www.who.int - go to the website here.
  16. Chelala C. An alternative way to stop female genital mutilation, The Lancet 1998;352:126.
  17. British Medical Association. The medical profession and human rights: Handbook for a changing agenda. London: Zed Books, 2001. Read more here.
  18. The Department of Health. CMO Update 37: February 2004. Available at DH website: www.dh.gov.uk
  19. Home Office, Female Genital Mutilation Bill Explanatory notes, Bill 21-EN
  20. Explanatory Notes to Prohibition Of Female Genital Mutilation (Scotland) Act 2005
  21. Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003 s1(5).
  22. Some focus groups have argued that exception on mental health grounds, when perception of abnormality exists creates an unacceptable loop-hole which will allow non-therapeutic operations to continue: “The implication is that the validity of the prosecution will rest on a value judgement of which cultural differences are “good” and which are “bad”” Research, Action and Information Network for the Bodily Integrity of Women (RAINBO), comments on Female Genital Mutilation Bill, House of Commons Research Paper 03/24, The Female Genital Mutilation Bill 21 of 2002-2003)
  23. Detailed advice for health professionals about the powers available under the Children Act 1989 is given in British Medical Association. Consent, rights and choices in health care for children and young people. London: BMJ Books, 2001: 46-51. Read more here.
  24. Department of Health, Home Office, Department for Education and Employment. Working together to safeguard children. A guide to inter-agency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. London: The Stationery Office, 1999. Second Edition publish in 2006, available from: http://www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/_files/CCE39E361D6AD840F7EAC9DA47A3D2C8.pdf
  25. Department of Health, Home Office, Department for Education and Employment. Working together to safeguard children. A guide to inter-agency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. London: The Stationery Office, 1999: 74. Second Edition publish in 2006, available from: http://www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/_files/CCE39E361D6AD840F7EAC9DA47A3D2C8.pdf
  26. Detailed advice for health professionals about the powers available under the Children Act 1989 is given in British Medical Association. Consent, rights and choices in health care for children and young people. London: BMJ Books, 2001: 46-51. Read more here.
  27. Department of Health. What to do if you’re worried a child is being abused. London: DoH, 2004. British Medical Association. Doctors’ responsibilities in child protection cases. London: BMA, 2004. Read more here.
  28. McCaffrey M, Jankowska A, Gordon H. Management of female genital mutilation: The Northwick Park Hospital experience. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1995;102:787-790.
  29. United Nations convention relating to the status of refugees of 28 July 1951. Article 1(A)(2).
  30. Immigration Appellate Authority. Asylum gender guidelines. London: Asylum Appellate Authority, 2000.
  31. Crawley H. Women as asylum seekers: A legal handbook. London: Immigration Law Practitioners’ Association and Refugee Action, 1997: 71.
  32. Amnesty International. Female genital mutilation: A human rights information pack. London: Amnesty International, 1998.
  33. Amnesty International. Women’s rights are human rights: the struggle persists. London: Amnesty International, 2000. AI Index ACT 77/02/00.
  34. Home Office Immigration and Nationality Directorate. Personal communication. 18 April 2001.
  35. British Medical Association. Access to health care for asylum seekers. London: BMA, 2001. Read more here.
  36. Department of Health, Home Office, Department for Education and Employment. Working together to safeguard children. A guide to inter-agency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. London: The Stationery Office, 1999: 74.
  37. General Medical Council. Confidentiality: protecting and providing information. London: GMC, 2000.
  38. Department of Health, Home Office, Department for Education and Employment. Working together to safeguard children. A guide to inter-agency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. London: The Stationery Office, 1999.

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