Abortion time limits
A briefing paper from the BMA
References
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Read more here.
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Download here as a pdf from the Pro+choice forum website.
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Go to the website here.
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43. The British Association of Perinatal Medicine. Memorandum - Fetuses and Newborn Infants at the Threshold of Viability A Framework for Practice. July 2000. Available at: www.bapm.org/documents/publications/threshold.pdf (accessed on 14 March 2005).
Download as a pdf here from the British Association of Perinatal Medicine website.
44. BBC Panorama. Miracle baby grows up. Broadcast on BBC1, Wednesday, 22 September, 2004 at 21:00 BST.
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48. Table taken from: Marlow N, Wolke D, Bracewell MA, Samara M for the EPICure Study Group. Neurologic and Developmental Disability at Six Years of Age after Extremely Preterm Birth. Op cit: 17.
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50. Draper E S, Manktelow B, Field D, James D. Prediction of survival for preterm births by weight and gestational age: retrospective population based study. BMJ 1999;319:1093-7.
51. Updated data tables can be found at bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/319/7217/1093/DC1 (accessed on 1 March 2005).
Go to the website here.
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53. A summary of the debate at various stages can be found in: Medical Research Council. Report of the MRC Expert Group on Fetal Pain. 28 August 2001; Anand KJS, Hickey PR. Pain and its effect in the human neonate and fetus. N Engl J Med 317;21:1321-9; and Derbyshire SWG. Fetal pain – A look at the evidence. American Pain Society Bulletin Illinois: APS, 2003;13:1-12.
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56. Derbyshire A. Locating the beginnings of pain. Bioethics 13;1:1-31.
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58. Glover V. Fetal Stress and Pain Responses – The First Nine Months. Paper presented at a symposium arranged by the Women and Children’s Welfare Fund Making the pre-born and premature comfortable and pain free. 10 November 1995.
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60. Glover V, Fisk N. Fetal pain: implications for research and practice. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1999;106:881-6.
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65. British Medical Association. The law and ethics of abortion – BMA views. Op cit: 7.
66. Anon. Scanner shows unborn babies smile. 13 September 2003. BBC News Online news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/3105580.stm (accessed on 10 March 2005).
Go to the BBC website here.
67. Kirklin D. Guest Editorial: The role of medical imaging in the abortion debate. J Med Ethics 2004; 30:426.
68. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Ultrasound screening for fetal abnormalities: report of the RCOG Working Party. London: RCOG Press, 1997.
69. Green JM. Obstetricians’ views on prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy: 1980 compared with 1993. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1995;102:228-32.
70. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Antenatal care. Routine care for the healthy pregnant woman. Clinical Guideline 6. Op cit: chapter 9.
71. Department of Health. Our inheritance, our future. Realising the potential of genetics in the UK. London: The Stationery Office, June 2003: paras 328-31.
72. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Antenatal care. Routine care for the healthy pregnant woman. Clinical Guideline 6. Op cit: recommendations 1.7.1 and 1.7.2.
73. NHS Quality Improvement Scotland. Draft Clinical Standards – August 2004. Pregnancy and newborn screening. Glasgow: NHS QIS, August 2004.
74. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Ultrasound Screening. Supplement to ultrasound screening for fetal abnormality. London: RCOG Press, 2000.
75. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Antenatal care. Routine care for the healthy pregnant woman. Clinical Guideline 6. Op cit: para 9.1.
76. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Ultrasound Screening. Supplement to ultrasound screening for fetal abnormality. Op cit.
77. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Antenatal care. Routine care for the healthy pregnant woman. Clinical Guideline 6. Op cit: table 9.1.
78. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Ultrasound Screening. Supplement to ultrasound screening for fetal abnormality. Op cit: section 7.
79. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Antenatal care. Routine care for the healthy pregnant woman. Clinical Guideline 6. Op cit: para 9.2.
80. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Antenatal care. Routine care for the healthy pregnant woman. Clinical Guideline 6. Op cit: para 9.2.
81. National Down Syndrome Cytogenetic Register (www.smd.qmul.ac.uk/wolfson/ndscr accessed on 4 February 2005).
Go to the website here.
82. Marteau TM, Dormandy E. Facilitating informed choice in prenatal testing: how well are we doing? Am J Med Genet 2001;106:185-90.
83. Statham H. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormality: the decision to terminate the pregnancy and the psychological consequences. Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review 2002;13(4):213-47:219
84. Statham H. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormality: the decision to terminate the pregnancy and the psychological consequences. Op cit: 223.
85. Statham H. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormality: the decision to terminate the pregnancy and the psychological consequences. Op cit: 222.
86. Statham H, Solomou W, Green JM. When a baby has an abnormality: a study of parents’ experiences. Cambridge: Centre for Family Research, 2001.
87. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Termination of pregnancy for fetal abnormality in England, Wales and Scotland. London: RCOG Press, 1996: para 3.3.3.
88. British Medical Association Ethics Department. Medical Ethics Today. The BMA’s handbook of ethics and law. 2nd ed. London: BMJ Books, 2004: 242-3.
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89. Jepson v The Chief Constable of West Mercia [2003] EWHC 3318.
90. Dyer C. Doctors who performed late abortion will not be prosecuted. BMJ 2005;330:688
91. Yaqoob T. Campaigning curate takes on Reid over late abortions. Daily Mail. 16 April 2005: 13
92. Department of Health. Abortion statistics. England and Wales, 2003. Statistical Bulletin 2004/14. Op cit: table 10.
93. Department of Health. Abortion statistics. England and Wales, 2002. Statistical Bulletin 2003/23. Op cit: table 11.
94. Office of National Statistics. Abortion Statistics. Series AB no 28. Legal abortions carried out under the 1967 Abortion Act in England and Wales, 2001. London: The Stationery Office, 2002: table 23.
95. Office of National Statistics. Abortion Statistics. Series AB no 28. Legal abortions carried out under the 1967 Abortion Act in England and Wales, 2001. Op cit: tables 11 and 23.
96. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Royal College of Midwives, Royal College of General Practitioners, British Medical Association, British Paediatric Association, Clinical Genetics Society. Report on the advantages and disadvantages of imposing an 18 week gestational age limit on legal abortion. London: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 27 November 1987: para 3.1.
97. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Abortion Policies: A Global Review, vol. I: Afghanistan to France. United Nations publication, 2001, Sales No. E.01.XIII.10; vol. II: Gabon to Norway, United Nations publication, Sales No. E.01.XIII.18; vol. III: Oman to Zimbabwe, United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.XIII.5. Available at www.un.org/esa/population/publications/abortion/profiles.htm (accessed on 1 March 2005).
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98. Anon. Europe's terms for terminations. 2 June 2002. BBC News Online news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1869009.stm (accessed on 1 March 2005).
Go to the website here.
99. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Abortion Policies: A Global Review, vol. I: Afghanistan to France. Op cit.
100. Anon. Europe's terms for terminations 2 June 2002. Op cit.
101. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Abortion Policies: A Global Review, vol. II: Gabon to Norway. Op cit.
102. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Abortion Policies: A Global Review, vol. II: Gabon to Norway. Op cit.
103. Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Q&A Abortion In the Netherlands: Questions and answers on Dutch policy on abortion. Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2003. Available at pvnewyork.org/contents/pages/742/abort.pdf (accessed on 1 March 2005).
Download here as a pdf from the website of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to the United Nations.
104. Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Q&A Abortion In the Netherlands: Questions and answers on Dutch policy on abortion. Op cit.
105. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Abortion Policies: A Global Review, vol. I: Afghanistan to France. Op cit.
106. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Abortion Policies: A Global Review, vol. I: Afghanistan to France. Op cit.
107. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Abortion Policies: A Global Review, vol. III: Oman to Zimbabwe. Op cit.
108. Greenall R. Russia turns spotlight on abortion. 16 September 2003. BBC News Online news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3093152.stm (accessed on 1 March 2005).
Go to the BBC website here.
109. Deschner A, Cohen SA. Contraceptive use is key to reducing abortion Worldwide. The Guttmacher report on public policy, 2003, 6(4):8. www.guttmacher.org/pubs/tgr/06/4/gr060407.html (accessed on 1 March 2005).
Go to the website here.
110. Greenall R. Russia turns spotlight on abortion. Op cit.
111. United Nations Population Division. Wall chart on World Abortion Policies. United Nations Population Division, 1999. Available at www.un.org/esa/population/publications/abt/fabt.htm (accessed on 1 March 2005).
Go to the website here.
112. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Abortion Policies: A Global Review. Op cit.
113. World Health Organization. Unsafe abortion: Global and regional estimates of the incidence of unsafe abortion and associated mortality in 2000 4th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004.
114. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Policies 2003, United Nations publication, Sales No. E.04.XIII.3. Available at
www.unpopulation.org - go to the website here.
115. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Abortion Policies: A Global Review. Op cit.
116. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). Fact sheet # 6: What is the United Nations stand on the issue of abortion? Department of Public Information of the United Nations, October 2000. Available at www.un.org/geninfo/faq/factsheets/FS6.HTM (accessed on 7 February 2005).
Go to the website here.
117. Pro-life Alliance. The Manifesto. www.prolife.org.uk/about/manifesto.htm (accessed on 23 February 2004).
118. McLean S. Old Law, New Medicine. Rivonia, South Africa: Rivers Oram Press, 1998: chapter 4.
119. Furedi A, Lee E. Defending abortion – in law and practice. Pro+Choice Forum, 1 March 2001 www.prochoiceforum.org.uk/comm65.asp (accessed on 23 February 2005).
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120. Voice for Choice. Campaigns: The campaign to secure abortion on request throughout the UK. www.vfc.org.uk (accessed on 23 February 2005).
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121. Mawer C, McGovern M. Early abortions – promoting real choice for women. London: FPA, 2003.
122. Mawer C, McGovern M. Early abortions – promoting real choice for women. Op cit.
123. BPAS press release. Early medical abortion. 9 August 2004.
124. See, for example: The Lord Bishop of Oxford. House of Lords Hansard. 20 July 2004: col 93. Steel D. It is time to rethink our law on abortion. Evening Standard, 24 August 2004:13.
125. Cracknell D. Blair and Howard united in concern over abortions. The Sunday Times. 13 March 2005: 8.
126. Christian Medical Fellowship. Evidence to the Science and Technology Committee’s review of human reproductive technologies and the law. May 2004 www.cmf.org.uk/index.htm?ethics/ethics.htm (accessed on 24 February 2005).
Go to the Christian Medical Fellowship website here.